Copper Mountain Technologies (CMT) has released the PE0312-75, a port extender that expands the company’s product portfolio for 75 Ω test applications. The port extender enhances the flexibility of multi-port testing for broadband, telecom, cable, and RF research and production applications in 75 Ω environments. The PE0312-75 is a USB-controlled, 12-port extender, or switch, designed […]
Analyzer
How to compare EMI absorption materials with a cookie tin
Product enclosures have frequency resonances that can produce unwanted EMI. Absorption materials in the cavity can reduce EMI. Use a cookie tin to compare materials before inserting them into your product. As operating frequencies approach microwaves, enclosures can appear as resonant cavities and amplify EMI emissions. When I was working on space shuttle communications systems, […]
Signal analyzer combines spectrum and vector network analysis in three models
UNI-T announces the release of the UTS3000A Series Signal Analyzers, a spectrum analysis solution designed for complex RF environments. The series includes three models providing frequency coverage from 9 kHz to 8.4 GHz, offering spectrum analysis capabilities for various professional applications. The UTS3000A Series provides measurement precision suitable for contemporary signal analysis requirements. The analyzers […]
VNAs improve bandwidth and dynamic range
Copper Mountain Technologies is announcing the release of the new Value Series Vector Network Analyzers. The V Series will include three 2-Port, 2-Path measurement models: V0402 4.5 GHz VNA, V0602 6.5 GHz VNA, and V0902 9 GHz VNA. All models have a starting frequency of 100 kHz. These VNAs deliver highly accurate measurements with the ideal feature […]
Signal Hound claims first 40 GHz USB VNA
RF components such as connectors, cables, antennas, and PCB traces need characterizing so you know how they will perform. That’s where a vector network analyzer (VNA) can help. Signal Hound, well known for its USB spectrum analyzers, has introduced the VNA400, a 40 GHz VNA that connects to and gets power from its single USB-C […]
Characterize EMI from dc-dc converter ringing
Switching power supplies produce radiated and conducted emissions caused by ringing. Oscilloscope and spectrum-analyzer measurements let you see them. DC-DC converters are ubiquitous in most electronic products. While more efficient than linear regulators, they can also produce considerable amounts of interference that can affect nearby circuits. The measurements in this article show how ringing occurs […]
How to calculate and apply the inverse discrete Fourier transform: part 4
In part 3 of this series, we used the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to create 100-Hz time-domain waveforms of various amplitudes and phases. We can also use the IFFT to create waveforms containing multiple frequencies. If you look closely at Figure 1 in part 1 of this series, you’ll notice that the time-domain waveform […]
How to calculate and apply the inverse discrete Fourier transform: part 3
The inverse transform can create a time-domain waveform where no waveform has been before. In part 2 of this series, we used the discrete Fourier transform to convert a waveform from the time domain to the frequency domain, operated on the frequency-domain data, and used the inverse transform to reconstruct the altered time-domain waveform. That’s […]
How to calculate and apply an inverse FFT: part 2
In part 1 of this series, we looked at the formula for the inverse discrete Fourier transform and manually calculated the inverse transform for a four-point dataset. Then, we used Excel’s implementation of the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to verify our work. Could we try something more realistic? Sure. We can take a signal […]
How to determine noise figure: part 4
Two incompatible definitions of noise factor can lead to confusion, which you can alleviate by understanding where the differences lie.
