Op amps find use in second-order filters and instrumentation amplifiers. In part 3 of this series, we described using the op amp to build some single-pole filters. Q: How do we build higher-order filters? A: Figure 1 shows one approach to a low-pass filter using the Sallen-Key topology. With two capacitors, it’s a second-order filter. […]
Calibration
How to choose analog-signal-chain components: part 3
Use op amps, resistors, and capacitors to build high-pass, low-pass, and bandpass filters. In part 1 of this series, we looked at a noisy signal and discussed why it might be better to use an analog filter instead of a digital filter. Then, in part 2, we looked at the operational amplifier (op amp) and […]
R&S digital multimeters feature 5.5 and 6.5 digits with triple displays
The UDS series from Rohde & Schwarz provides the company with a significant upgrade and place it against top competitors. Digital multimeters (DMMs) are a measurement staple, sitting alongside oscilloscopes, power supplies, and waveform generators on just about every engineer’s bench. You may not think of Rohde & Schwarz as a major competitor in the […]
FieldDAQ captures physical data close to the sensor
FieldDAQ modules accept sensors directly and send data over Ethernet. Collecting data such as temperature, strain, and other physical parameters often requires long sensor wires or rugged equipment close to the measurement source. Long wires can add errors due to losses in analog wiring or from outside interference. Field installations often add environmental and power […]
How to choose analog-signal-chain components: part 1
Signal conditioning can prepare a sensor’s output for digitization. In a previous series, we looked at the analog-to-digital converter (ADCs) and sources of error that occur within the device. Of course, errors can creep in upstream of the ADC along the analog signal chain as the signal to be digitized is acquired and conditioned. Q: […]
Swapfest May 2025: test equipment
The May 2025 gathering of the monthly electronics “Flea at MIT” swapfest featured an excessive number of test instruments. We break them down into oscilloscopes, meters, and signal sources. Click on any image to enlarge in a new tab. Oscilloscopes A Tektronix analog modular oscilloscope. The black bezel hides the model number. This unit has […]
Understanding ADC specs and architectures: part 4
The AC performance of an analog-to-digital converter depends on its architecture. In part 3 of this series, we discussed the integral nonlinearity (INL) error of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), noting that gain, offset, and INL error all contribute to the total unadjusted error. This metric provides an overall view of an ADC’s DC performance. Q: What about the AC […]
Get your Pickering test equipment calibrated in US
Pickering Interfaces announced a strategic collaboration with Trescal, the global leader in calibration services. Effective May 22, Trescal will officially serve as an authorized service provider for calibration services of Pickering Interfaces products across the United States (USA). This initiative eliminates the need to ship modules to the UK, streamlining support for USA customers. In […]
Modular tester simulates and tests control systems
The Pulse Real-Time Target Machine from Swiss company Speedgoat uses a set of I/O modules so you can configure s test system that meets your needs.
Modular system combines DMM with DAQ
The DAQ3120 from B+K Precision lets you install up to three measurement modules to create a custom system for your bench. Most engineers have a digital multimeter (DMM) for basic measurements such as voltage, current, and resistance. Sometimes, however, you need the flexibility to add channels and log measurements without or without a computer. That’s […]
