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FAQ

Is it possible to image an electron?

February 25, 2021 By David Herres Leave a Comment

The electron has close to zero mass, a negative charge, and revolves in an orbit around its atomic nucleus or, alternately, moves through space or through a conductor, in which it is a charge-carrying free electron. An electron is also a fermion, which means it follows the Pauli exclusion principle: No two electrons can occupy […]

Filed Under: FAQ, Featured, New Articles Tagged With: FAQ

Understanding decibels and decibel measurements

February 16, 2021 By David Herres Leave a Comment

Decibels, (derived from bels, old units which, like unwieldy farads, are rarely used) are convenient and user-friendly terms for expressing the ratio between two amounts of power on a logarithmic scale or the amount of change, amplification or attenuation, over time of a single amount of power. In power and sound ratios, the factor is […]

Filed Under: FAQ, Featured, New Articles Tagged With: FAQ

Measuring and specifying microphones

February 11, 2021 By David Herres Leave a Comment

microphones

One aspect of the work-at-home/stay-at-home environment of the past year has been an increased emphasis on podcasts, online meetings, and online video events. That’s why there’s more interest in microphone technology among those interested in producing a higher-quality experience. Here’s a short run-down on microphones and how they are typically measured and quantified. A microphone […]

Filed Under: FAQ, Featured, New Articles, Test and Measurement News, Test Equipment Tagged With: cuidevices, FAQ

Thanks, Pythagoras, for the basic science behind the theodolite

February 3, 2021 By David Herres Leave a Comment

theodolite

Pythagoras was a larger than life pre-Socratic philosopher, born on the island of Samos. The Pythagorean Theorem relates the lengths of the three sides of a right triangle. Undoubtedly the most familiar theorem in mathematics, it had been known previously in Mesopotamian, Indian and Chinese cultures, but it was elaborated, made part of the over-all […]

Filed Under: FAQ, Featured, Test Equipment Tagged With: FAQ

Antennas and antenna measurements

February 1, 2021 By David Herres Leave a Comment

antennas

Most antenna designs operate via the resonance principle, which is based on the fact that electrons moving through a conductor reflect back toward the power source when encountering a discontinuity. When current, caused by a radio signal’s induced voltage, reaches the end of the antenna element, it is reflected, travels in the reverse direction, and […]

Filed Under: Communication Test, FAQ, Featured, New Articles, Test Equipment, wireless test equipment Tagged With: FAQ, rohdeschwarz

Don’t get zapped — Using test instruments safely

January 21, 2021 By David Herres 1 Comment

safe scopes

Most engineers think they’ve minimized the chance of nasty surprises around the test bench when they’ve grounded their instruments and perhaps kept one hand in their pocket when working around high voltages. That said, there remain electrical hazards that are less obvious. They involve the electrical wiring and the environment around the lab. To begin, […]

Filed Under: FAQ, Featured, oscilloscope measurements, Oscilloscopes Tagged With: FAQ, Tektronix

Basics of digital oscilloscope architecture

January 14, 2021 By David Herres Leave a Comment

dso scope architecture

A digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) is characterized by the presence of a microprocessor, which is physically and functionally at the heart of the processing section. Other stages in the processor are the acquisition memory, at its input and the display memory at its output. The DSO’s signal paths (one for each channel) begin at the […]

Filed Under: Digital Oscilloscope, FAQ, Featured, Oscilloscope Descriptions, Oscilloscopes Tagged With: keysighttechnologies, Tektronix, teledynelecroy

Measuring the behavior of electronic filters

January 8, 2021 By David Herres Leave a Comment

Passive electronic filters are composed of one or more passive components including resistors, inductors and capacitors. In contrast, active electronic filters also contain an amplifier composed of transistors or op-amps. The point of electronic filters is to pass some frequencies while blocking others. Depending upon the configuration, they selectively attenuate high frequencies (low pass), low […]

Filed Under: FAQ, Featured, New Articles, Test Equipment, vector network analyzer Tagged With: analog devices, FAQ

Non-solid-state inverters? There still are such things.

December 29, 2020 By David Herres Leave a Comment

vibrator

A device that converts dc to ac is known as an inverter. Nowadays, most engineers think of solid-state inverters in the context of applications such as electric vehicles and solar panels. Yet even today, not all inverters are solid state. One early form of power inverter was based on mechanical switching and was appropriately called […]

Filed Under: FAQ, Featured, New Articles, Test and Measurement News Tagged With: FAQ

Transistor circuit configurations and Spice

December 21, 2020 By David Herres Leave a Comment

In a recent post, we reviewed the basics of Spice circuit simulators. Most circuit simulations involve transistors, either as discrete components or within an integrated circuit. So it is useful to understand a few basics about how Spice models transistors. Transistors may have multiple states, typically saturation, cutoff, active and reverse. And transistors have an […]

Filed Under: EDA, FAQ, Featured, New Articles Tagged With: FAQ

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