ENOB describes an analog-to-digital converter’s performance with respect to total noise and distortion. In the earlier parts of this series on analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), we looked at the basics (part 1); gain error, offset error, and differential nonlinearity (part 2); and integral nonlinearity (part 3); and then we looked at some ADC topologies and introduced […]
Digital Oscilloscope
Review: Micsig TO3004 tablet oscilloscope
If you’re looking for a portable oscilloscope for field troubleshooting or for demonstrations, look at the Micsig TO series. Here’s my take on the four-channel 300 MHz variant, TO3004. The Micsig TO3004 oscilloscope (Figure 1) is an 8-bit, four-channel, tablet-sized portable oscilloscope that’s also available with 100 MHz and 200 MHz varieties with two or […]
APEC 2025 test equipment: oscilloscopes and probes
Oscilloscopes and probes play a vital role for engineers designing and testing power electronics. Delivering electrical power to analog and digital circuits and systems is more than just DC measurements. That’s because nearly all power-converter circuits use switching techniques to maximize efficiency. Silicon carbide (SiC and gallium nitride (GaN) transistors, with their higher voltage and […]
How to use convolution to implement filters: part 1
Convolution is used in a variety of signal-processing applications, including time-domain-waveform filtering. In a recent series on the inverse fast Fourier transform (FFT), we concluded with a mention of convolution and its application to filtering. Convolution Q: What is convolution? A: Convolution, denoted by * symbol, combines two functions to form a third function in […]
Tryout: Uni-T UPO1202 200 MHz oscilloscope
You need not spend a ton of money to get a feature-packed oscilloscope, provided you don’t need high bandwidth. While the oscilloscope works well, the free software needs help. After seeing the Uni-Trend (Uni-T) UTG962E Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator ($182), we at EE World bought one and, at the same time, ordered a UPO1202 200 MHz […]
Review: Tekbox TBCG4 harmonic comb generator
The Tekbox TBCG4 harmonic comb generator produces a wide range of known frequencies for EMC immunity testing and routine checking of EMC chambers. I’ve used harmonic comb generators for decades in various applications, including antenna measurements, cable resonance measurements, and shielding-effectiveness testing. I also find them useful for checking the daily consistency of test chambers […]
How to calculate and apply an inverse FFT: part 1
The inverse Fourier transform (inverse FFT or iFFT) reverses the operation of the Fourier transform and derives a time-domain representation from a frequency-domain dataset. In early 2024, EE World published a series on the Fourier transform, which can convert a time-domain signal to the frequency domain (Figure 1, red arrow). The process is reversible (Figure […]
Flea market vintage test equipment, September 2024
The monthly “Flea at MIT” featured an abundance of test equipment. We even bought some.
14-bit oscilloscope delivers low noise, fast updates
Keysight’s InfiniiVision HD3 series oscilloscopes let you see signals with 4x the resolution of 12-bit instruments.
Four-channel USB oscilloscopes sample at 5 GS/sec
The PicoScope 3000E series has models with analog bandwidths of 350 MHz and 500 MHz. Hitting the “sweet spot” for analog bandwidth, the 3000E Series — 500 MHz (3418E) and 350 MHz (3417E) — USB oscilloscopes from Pico Technology fill a gap in the company’s oscilloscope offerings in terms of bandwidth. Both models feature four […]
